Single Dimensional Array
Single Dimensional Array
Name:
- Sanjyot Sanjay Mankar
Urn
no: - 2020-B-03022003
Class:
- BCA CTMA
Course
Name : - C Programming
· what's
an array?
Ø An array may be a collection of 1 or more values of an
equivalent type. Each value is named a component of the array. the weather of
the array shares an equivalent variable name but each element has its own unique
index (also referred to as a subscript). An array is often of any type, for
instance, int, float, char, etc. an array is must be of type int only.
Ø To store roll no. of 100 students, we've to declare an
array of size 100 i.e, roll_no[100]. Here size of the array is 100, so it's
capable of storing 100 values. "In C, index or subscript starts from 0, so
roll_no[0] is that the primary element, roll_no[1] is that the second element,
and so on.". Note that the last element of the array is going to be at
roll_no[99] not at roll_no[100] because the index starts at 0.
Ø Arrays are often single or multidimensional. the amount of
subscripts or indexes determines the size of the array. An array of 1 dimension
is understood as a one-dimensional array or 1-D array, while an array of two
dimensions is understood as a two-dimensional array or 2-D array.
· One dimensional Array: -
Ø Array elements are stored one after one.
Ø Syntax: datatype array_name[size];
Ø datatype: It denotes the sort of the weather within the
array.
Ø array_name: Name of the array. It must be a legitimate
identifier.
Ø size: Number of elements an array can hold. here are some
example of array declarations:
1)Int num[100];
2)float tem[20];
3)char ch[50];
num is an array of type int, which may only store 100
elements of type int.
temp is an array of type float, which may only store 20
elements of type float.
ch is an array of type char, which may only store 50
elements of type char.
Note: When an array is said it contains garbage
values.
Accessing The element of an array: -
The elements of an array are often accessed by specifying
array name followed by subscript or index inside square brackets (i.e []).
Array subscript or index starts at 0. If the dimensions of an array are 10 then
the primary element is at index 0, while the last element is at index 9. the
primary valid subscript (i.e 0) is understood because the boundary, while the
last valid subscript is understood because of the boundary.
int my_arr[5];
Then elements of this array are;
·
First element – my_arr[0]
·
Second element – my_arr[1]
·
Third element – my_arr[2]
·
Fourth element – my_arr[3]
·
Fifth element – my_arr[4]
Processing 1-Dimensional Array: -
Example no 1: - Simple C program to access the array.
#include
int main()
{
int arr[5], i;
for(i = 0; i <
5; i++)
{
printf("Enter
a[%d]: ", i);
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
printf("\nPrinting elements of the array:
\n\n");
for(i = 0; i <
5; i++)
{
printf("%d
", arr[i]);
}
return 0;
}
Output: -
Enter
a[0]: 11
Enter
a[1]: 22
Enter
a[3]: 4
Enter
a[2]: 34
Enter
a[4]: 34
Printing
elements of the array:
11 22 34
4 34
In this above program, we've declared an array of 5 integers
and variable i of type int. Then a for loop is
used to enter five elements into an array.
In scanf() we've used & operator (also referred to as
the address of
operator) on element arr[i] of an array, a bit like we had
through with variables of type int, float, char, etc.
"Printing elements of the array" to the console.
The second for loop prints all the
elements of an array one by one.
Example
no 2: -
#include
int
main()
{
int arr[5], i, s =0;
for(i = 0; i
{
printf("Enter
a[%d]: ", i);
scanf("%d",
&arr[i]);
}
for(i = 0; i <5; i++)
{
s += arr[i];
}
printf("\nSum of elements = %d ",
s);
return 0;
}
Output:
-
Enter a[0]: 22
Enter a[1]: 33
Enter a[2]: 56
Enter a[3]: 73
Enter a[4]: 23
Sum of elements = 207
In this above program; we see that the first for loop asks
the user to enter five elements into
the array. The second for loop reads all the elements of an
array one by one and accumulate the sum of all the elements
in the
variable s.
Note: -that it is necessary to initialize the variable
s to 0, otherwise, we will
get the wrong answer because of the garbage value of
s.
Initializing
An Array
When an array is declared inside a function the elements of
the array has a garbage value. If an array is global or static, then its
elements are automatically initialized to 0. We can explicitly initialize elements
of an array at the time of declaration using the following syntax:
·
Syntax: datatype array_name[size] = { val1,
val2, val3, ..... valN };
·
the data type is the type of elements of an
array.
·
array_name is the variable name, which must be
any valid identifier.
·
size is the size of the array.
·
val1, val2 ... are the constants known as
initializers. Each value is separated by a comma(,) and then there is a
semi-colon (;) after the closing curly brace (}).
Example:
-
float temp[5] = {12.3, 4.1, 3.8, 9.5, 4.5}; // an array of 5
floats
int arr[9] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99}; // an
array of 9 ints
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